What are various debt market instruments?

 Government Securities (G-Secs): These are sovereign securities issued by the Reserve Bank of India on behalf of the Government of India. They are considered the safest form of investment as they provide a guaranteed return and are backed by the government.

Treasury Bills (T-Bills): These are short-term (less than one year) borrowing instruments of the Government of India which enable investors to park their short-term surplus funds while reducing their market risk. They are auctioned by the Reserve Bank of India at regular intervals and issued at a discount to face value.

Corporate Bonds/Debentures: These are debt securities issued by private and public corporations. The issuer promises to pay the bondholder a specified amount of interest for a specified length of time and to repay the loan on the expiration date.

Commercial Paper: This is a short-term debt instrument issued by companies to meet their short-term financing needs. It is an unsecured money market instrument issued in the form of a promissory note.

Certificate of Deposit (CD): This is a time deposit offered by banks with a fixed maturity date and interest rate. They can be issued in demat form or as a Usance Promissory Note.

Municipal Bonds: These are bonds issued by urban local bodies and municipal corporations to fund infrastructure projects. These bonds have been gaining popularity in India in recent years.

Please note that each of these instruments carries its own risk and return profile, and they are subject to varying degrees of regulation. It's important to understand these factors when investing in the debt market.